Efforts to conclude an international agreement to limit the spread of nuclear weapons did not begin until the early 1960s, after four nations (the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and France) had acquired nuclear weapons (see [List of states with nuclear weapons] for more information). Although these efforts stalled in the early 1960s, they renewed once again in 1964, after China detonated a nuclear weapon. In 1968, governments represented at the [Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee] (ENDC) finished negotiations on the text of the NPT. In June 1968, the U.N. General Assembly endorsed the NPT with General Assembly Resolution 2373 (XXII), and in July 1968, the NPT opened for signature in [Washington, D.C.], [London] and [Moscow]. The NPT entered into force in March 1970. * States must streamline administrative procedures so that IAEA inspectors get automatic visa renewal and can communicate more readily with IAEA headquarters. {{See also|Energy policy of Canada|Renewable energy in Canada|Smart grid}} This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in 1683 when Grand Vizier [Kara Mustafa Pasha] led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of [History of Vienna|Vienna] in the [Great Turkish War] of 1683–1699. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German, and Polish forces spearheaded by the Polish king [John III Sobieski] at the [Battle of Vienna]. The alliance of the [Holy League (1684)|Holy League] pressed home the advantage of the defeat at Vienna, culminating in the [Treaty of Karlowitz] (26 January 1699), which ended the Great Turkish War. In 2019 at IAA, Opel presented the Corsa Rally Electric, an electric rally car for customer motor sport. Together with ADAC, Europe's largest automobile association, Opel has started the ADAC Opel Electric Rally Cup, the first rally brand cup for electric cars in the world in 2021. The charging infrastructure uses renewably generated electricity from the public power grid. In 2023, teams from seven nations took part in eight races in Germany, Austria, France and Switzerland. The electric motor, battery, inverter, and onboard charger come from the Corsa production vehicle. In 2024, the cup will enter its fourth season. The team's finish to the [2008 NFL season|2008 season] would turn out to match their best since they lost the Super Bowl in the 2002 season. They still finished 5–11 and ended up third in the AFC West, the first time they did not finish last since 2002. They would produce an identical record in [2009 Oakland Raiders season|2009]; the season was somewhat ameliorated by the fact that four of the Raiders' five wins were against opponents with above .500 records. In [2010 Oakland Raiders season|2010] the Raiders became the first team in NFL history to go undefeated against their division yet miss the playoffs (6–0 in the AFC West, 8–8 overall, 3 games behind the [2010 New York Jets season|Jets] for the second Wild Card entry). On January 4, 2011, owner Al Davis informed head coach Tom Cable that his contract would not be renewed, ending his tenure with the organization. Many Raider players, such as punter Shane Lechler, were upset with the decision. * Total renewable water resources: {{cvt|1.4|km3|cumi}} (2011) OS/2 has been widely used by Iran Export Bank (Bank Saderat Iran) in their teller machines, ATMs and local servers (over 35,000 working stations). As of 2011, the bank moved to virtualize and renew their infrastructure by moving OS/2 to Virtual Machines running over Windows. The League of the Three Emperors having fallen apart, Bismarck negotiated the [Dual Alliance (1879)|Dual Alliance] with Austria-Hungary, in which each guaranteed the other against Russian attack. He also negotiated the [Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance] in 1882 with Austria-Hungary and Italy, and Italy and Austria-Hungary soon reached the "Mediterranean Agreement" with Britain. Attempts to reconcile Germany and Russia did not have a lasting effect: the Three Emperors' League was re-established in 1881 but quickly fell apart, ending Russian-Austrian-Prussian solidarity, which had existed in various forms since 1813. Bismarck therefore negotiated the secret [Reinsurance Treaty] of 1887 with Russia, in order to prevent the Franco-Russian encirclement of Germany. Both powers promised to remain neutral towards one another unless Russia attacked Austria-Hungary. However, after Bismarck's departure from office in 1890, the treaty was not renewed, thus creating a critical problem for Germany in the event of a war.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} The founding of the [Hamburg Temple] in 1818 mobilized the conservative elements. The organizers of the [synagogue] wished to appeal to acculturated Jews with a modernized ritual. They openly defied not just the local rabbinic court that ordered them to desist, but published learned tracts that castigated the entire rabbinical elite as hypocritical and [Obscurantism|obscurant]. The moral threat they posed to rabbinic authority, as well as ''halakhic'' issues such as having a gentile play an organ on the Sabbath, were combined with theological issues. The Temple's revised prayer book omitted or rephrased petitions for the coming of the Messiah and renewal of sacrifices (''post factum'', it was considered to be the first [Reform Judaism|Reform] liturgy). More than anything else, this doctrinal breach alarmed the traditionalists. Dozens of rabbis from across Europe united in support of the Hamburg rabbinic court, banning the major practices enacted there and offering ''halakhic'' grounds for forbidding any changes. Most historians concur that the 1818–1821 [Hamburg Temple disputes|Hamburg Temple dispute], with its concerted backlash against Reform and the emergence of a self-aware conservative ideology, marks the beginning of Orthodox Judaism.
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